NSBP1 binds specifically to nuclear core particles and acts as a transcriptional activator. [Subcellular Location] Nucleus. [Tissue Specificity] Widely expressed with highest levels in submaxillary gland, thymus, kidney and liver and lowest levels in brain, lung, pancreas and eye. [Developmental Stage] Highest levels are found in 7-day-old embryos. Levels in the 7-day-old embryo are 4-fold higher than in the adult and almost 10-fold higher than in later embryonic stages. [SIMILARITY] Belon

The product of this gene functions in the nucleotide excision repair pathway, and is required for the repair of DNA lesions such as those induced by UV light or formed by electrophilic compounds including cisplatin. The encoded protein forms a heterodimer with the XPF endonuclease (also known as ERCC4), and the heterodimeric endonuclease catalyzes the 5' incision in the process of excising the DNA lesion. The heterodimeric endonuclease is also involved in recombinational DNA repair and in t

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules that are a normal consequence of aerobic metabolism. Cellular ROS damage can induce apoptosis and spontaneous mutagenesis. Oxr1 (Oxidation resistance protein 1) is a 758 amino acid mitochondrial protein that is most likely involved in protection from oxidative damage. Oxr1 is highly conserved from yeast to humans and is specific to eukaryotes.Induced by heat and oxidative stress, the carboxyl-terminal half of Oxr1 is required for it

The small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) proteins, which include SUMO-1, SUMO-2 and SUMO-3, belong to the ubiquitin-like protein family. Like ubiquitin, the SUMO proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins that undergo processing before conjugation to target proteins. Also, both utilize the E1, E2, and E3 cascade enzymes for conjugation. However, SUMO and ubiquitin differ with respect to targeting. Ubiquitination predominantly targets proteins for degradation, whereas sumoylation targe

ATF2 is a member of the ATF/CREB family of basic region leucine zipper DNA binding proteins that regulates transcription by binding to a consensus cAMP response element (CRE) in the promoter of various viral and cellular genes. Many of these genes are important in cell growth and differentiation, and in stress and immune responses. ATF2 is a nuclear protein that binds DNA as a dimer and can form dimers with members of the ATF/CREB and Jun/Fos families. It is a stronger activator as a hete

The protein encoded by this gene is a serine-threonine kinase, belonging to the glycogen synthase kinase subfamily. It is involved in energy metabolism, neuronal cell development, and body pattern formation. Polymorphisms in this gene have been implicated in modifying risk of Parkinson disease, and studies in mice show that overexpression of this gene may be relevant to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found