Ribosomes, the organelles that catalyze protein synthesis, consist of a small 40S subunit and a large 60S subunit. Together these subunits are composed of 4 RNA species and approximately 80 structurally distinct proteins. This gene encodes a ribosomal protein that is a component of the 40S subunit. The protein belongs to the S19E family of ribosomal proteins. It is located in the cytoplasm. Mutations in this gene cause Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), a constitutional erythroblastopenia charact

phosphorylated at the Thr-Pro-Tyr phosphorylation motif instead of the characteristic MAP kinase Thr-Glu-Tyr motif. JNK2 (p54a, SAPK1a), along with JNK1 and JNK3, is thought to play an important role in nuclear signal transduction through its environmental stress activation and subsequent phosphorylation of the nuclear transcription factor p53.

This gene encodes a member of the neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) family. This kinase is a membrane-bound receptor that, upon neurotrophin binding, phosphorylates itself and members of the MAPK pathway. Signalling through this kinase leads to cell differentiation. Mutations in this gene have been associated with obesity and mood disorders. Alternate transcriptional splice variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008].

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAPkinase family. MAP kinases, also known as extracellularsignal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act in a signaling cascade thatregulates various cellular processes such as proliferation,differentiation, and cell cycle progression in response to avariety of extracellular signals. This kinase is activated byupstream kinases, resulting in its translocation to the nucleuswhere it phosphorylates nuclear targets. Alternatively splicedtranscript variants

Histones are basic nuclear proteins that are responsible for the nucleosome structure of the chromosomal fiber in eukaryotes. Two molecules of each of the four core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, and H4) form an octamer, around which approximately 146 bp of DNA is wrapped in repeating units, called nucleosomes. The linker histone, H1, interacts with linker DNA between nucleosomes and functions in the compaction of chromatin into higher order structures. This gene encodes a member of the histone H2A

This gene encodes a DNA topoisomerase, an enzyme that controls and alters the topologic states of DNA during transcription. This nuclear enzyme is involved in processes such as chromosome condensation, chromatid separation, and the relief of torsional stress that occurs during DNA transcription and replication. It catalyzes the transient breaking and rejoining of two strands of duplex DNA which allows the strands to pass through one another, thus altering the topology of DNA. Two forms of t