Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades include MAPK or extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), MAPK kinase (MKK or MEK), and MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK or MEKK). MAPKK kinase/MEKK phosphorylates and activates its downstream protein kinase, MAPK kinase/MEK, which in turn activates MAPK. The kinases of these signaling cascades are highly conserved, and homologs exist in yeast, Drosophila, and mammalian cells. MAPKKK5 contains 1,374 amino acids with all 11 kinase subdo

Tenascin, also known as hexabrachion and cytotactin, is an extracellular matrix protein with a spatially and temporally restricted tissue distribution. It is a hexameric, multidomain protein with disulfide linked subunits of 190 to 240 kD, originally characterized as 'myotendinous antigen.' In the embryo it is present in dense mesenchyme surrounding developing epithelia and in developing cartilage and bone. In the adult, tenascin remains present in tendons and myotendinous junctions in t

This gene encodes a serum protein found in association with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I heavy chain on the surface of nearly all nucleated cells. The protein has a predominantly beta-pleated sheet structure that can form amyloid fibrils in some pathological conditions. A mutation in this gene has been shown to result in hypercatabolic hypoproteinemia.[provided by RefSeq, Sep 2009].

PI 3 Kinase Class 3 is a member of the PI3/PI4-kinase family. It is the catalytic subunit of the PI3K complex. It is involved in the transport of lysosomal enzyme precursors to lysosomes. It is ubiquitously expressed, with a highest expression in skeletal muscle.

Glutamine Synthetase catalyzes the conversion of ammonia and glutamate to glutamine. It is found in astrocytes as an octamer of identical 42 kDa subunits. The function of Glutamine Synthetase is the detoxification of brain ammonia. It also has an important role in the metabolic regulation of neurotransmitter glutamate. Because of the multiple functions and importance of Glutamine Synthetase in cellular metabolism, both catalytic activities and synthesis are highly regulated. The activity of

DNAJC15 is absent or down-regulated in many advanced cases of ovarian adenocarcinoma, due to hypermethylation and allelic loss. Loss of expression correlates with increased resistance to antineoplastic drugs, such as cisplatin.$n