APOA4 (apolipoprotein A-IV) is a component of HDL and chylomicrons. Its primary site of synthesis is the intestine, in association with lymph chylomicron particles. Although its precise function is not known, APOA4 is a potent activator of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) in vitro. In rodents, Apo A-IV inhibits gastric emptying and serves as a satiety factor whose synthesis and secretion are increased by the ingestion of dietary fat. It also possesses anti-inflammatory and antiat

Mammalian cells express two Rad23 (genome repair protein) homologs, Rad23A (also designated HR23A) and Rad23B (also designated HR23B). In typical cells, mouse Rad23B is approximately ten times more abundant than mouse Rad23A. Endogenous XPC (xeroderma pigmentosum C protein) located in wildtype mouse embryonic fibroblasts is relatively stable; its steady-state level and stability appear to be significantly reduced by a targeted interruption of the mouse Rad23B gene, but not by that of mouse Ra

The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family in mammals comprises a family of transmembrane proteins characterized by multiple copies of leucine rich repeats in the extracellular domain and IL-1 receptor motif in the cytoplasmic domain. Like its counterparts in Drosophila, TLRs signal through adaptor molecules. The TLR family is a phylogenetically conserved mediator of innate immunity that is essential for microbial recognition. Ten human homologs of TLRs (TLR1-10) have been described. TIRAP (TIR domai

The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that binds the consensus sequence 5'-GCCNNNGGC-3'. The encoded protein functions as either a homodimer or as a heterodimer with similar family members. This protein activates the transcription of some genes while inhibiting the transcription of others. Defects in this gene are a cause of branchiooculofacial syndrome (BOFS). Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Apoptosis is induced by certain cytokines including TNF and Fas ligand in the TNF family through their death domain containing receptors. TRAIL/Apo2L, a member of the TNF family, induces apoptosis of a variety of tumor cell lines. DR4 and DR5 are functional receptors for TRAIL, and DcR1/TRID is a decoy receptor. Another member of the TRAIL receptor family was identified and designated DcR2. The DcR2 receptor is 386 amino acids in length and has an extracellular TRAIL binding domain, but la