Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor and an essential mediator of gene expression during activation of immune and inflammatory responses. NFkB mediates the expression of a great variety of genes in response to extracellular stimuli including IL1, TNF alpha, and bacterial product LPS. NFkB is associated with IkB proteins in the cell cytoplasm, which inhibit NFkB activity. IKK is a serine protein kinase, and the IKK complex contains alpha and beta subunits (IKK

IKK beta (I-Kappa-B kinase-beta) is a member of the IKK complex which is composed of IKK alpha, IKK beta, IKK gamma and IKAP. Phosphorylation of I-Kappa-B on a serine residue by the IKK complex frees NF-kB from I-Kappa-B and marks it for degradation via ubiquination. IKK beta has been shown to activate NF-kB and phosphorylate IKB alpha and beta. Phosphorylation of 2 sites at the activation loop of IKK beta is essential for activation of IKK by TNF and IL1. Once activated, IKK beta autophos

Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor and an essential mediator of gene expression during activation of immune and inflammatory responses. NFkB mediates the expression of a great variety of genes in response to extracellular stimuli including IL1, TNF alpha, and bacterial product LPS. NFkB is associated with IkB proteins in the cell cytoplasm, which inhibit NFkB activity. IKK is a serine protein kinase, and the IKK complex contains alpha and beta subunits (IKK

Pro inflammatory cytokines activate the transcription factor NF kappa B by stimulating the activity of a protein kinase that phosphorylates Ikappa B, an inhibitor of NF kappa B, at sites that trigger its ubiquitination and degradation. A large, cytokine responsive Ikappa B kinase (IKK) complex has been purified and the genes encoding 2 of its subunits have been cloned. These subunits, IKK alpha and Ikk beta, are protein kinases whose function is needed for NF kappa B activation by pro inflam

This potassium channel is controlled by G proteins. Inward rectifier potassium channels are characterized by a greater tendency to allow potassium to flow into the cell rather than out of it. Their voltage dependence is regulated by the concentration of extracellular potassium; as external potassium is raised, the voltage range of the channel opening shifts to more positive voltages. The inward rectification is mainly due to the blockage of outward current by internal magnesium. Can be blocked

Transferrins are iron binding transport proteins which can bind two Fe(3+) ions in association with the binding of an anion, usually bicarbonate. Lactotransferrin has antimicrobial activity which depends on the extracellular cation concentration. Lactoferroxins A, B and C have opioid antagonist activity. Lactoferroxin A shows preference for mu-receptors, while lactoferroxin B and C have somewhat higher degrees of preference for kappa-receptors than for mu-receptors. The lactotransferrin trans