DNA replication, recombination and repair, all of which are necessary for genomic stability, require the presence of exonucleases (1). In DNA replication, these enzymes are involved in the processing of Okazaki fragments, whereas in DNA repair, they function to excise damaged DNA fragments and correct recombinational mismatches (2). These exonucleases include the family of DNA polymerases (3). DNA pol α, β, ∂, and e are involved in DNA replication and repair (4). DNA pol ∂ and DNA pol

Pbx 1, 2, 3 and 4 are members of the TALE (three amino acid loop extension) family of homeodomain-containing proteins. Human pre-B cell acute leukemias are frequently associated with a t(1;19)(q23;p13.3) chromosomal rearrangement, which creates a chimeric gene encoding a fusion between the E2A and Pbx 1 gene products. Pbx 2 and Pbx 3 share 92% and 94% respective identities with Pbx 1 over a 266 amino acid region flanking their homeobox domains, while all three proteins are quite divergent a

Microtubules mediate the spatial organization of diverse membrane-trafficking systems. The HOOK proteins, HOOK1, HOOK2 and HOOK3, comprise a family of cytosolic coiled-coil proteins that contain conserved N-terminal domains, which attach to microtubules; and more divergent C-terminal domains, which mediate binding to organelles. HOOK1, a cytoskeletal linker protein, may play a role in endocytic membrane trafficking. It exists as a homodimer, most likely mediated through its central coiled-coi

The temporal genetic hierarchy influencing normal limb development can deregulate and mediate mammalian developmental syndromes. In mice, the limb deformity (ld) locus influences normal limb development and gives rise to alternative mRNAs that can translate into a family of proteins known as formins. Formins play a crucial role in cytoskeletal reorganization by influencing Actin filament assembly. Formins co-localize with the actin cytoskeleton and can translocate into the cell cytosol and

SLC44A1 (Solute carrier family 44, member 1) is an intermediate-affinity, Na+-independent choline transporter. It is thought to be important for the production of the membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine. Hence, it may have a role in membrane synthesis and myelin production.

This gene belongs to the stathmin family of genes. It encodes a ubiquitous cytosolic phosphoprotein proposed to function as an intracellular relay integrating regulatory signals of the cellular environment. The encoded protein is involved in the regulation of the microtubule filament system by destabilizing microtubules. It prevents assembly and promotes disassembly of microtubules. Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Feb