This gene encodes one of several forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase, identified as a major autoantigen in insulin-dependent diabetes. The enzyme encoded is responsible for catalyzing the production of gamma-aminobutyric acid from L-glutamic acid. A pathogenic role for this enzyme has been identified in the human pancreas since it has been identified as an autoantibody and an autoreactive T cell target in insulin-dependent diabetes. This gene may also play a role in the stiff man syndrome. Al

LRP5 is involved in the Wnt/beta catenin signaling pathway, probably by acting as a coreceptor together with Frizzled for Wnt. Defects in LRP5 are a cause of autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR). Autosomal dominant FEVR is also referred to as exudative vitreoretinopathy 1 (EVR1); also known as Criswick-Schepens syndrome. FEVR is a disorder of the retinal vasculature characterized by an abrupt cessation of growth of peripheral capillaries, leadi

Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 2 is a 357 amino acid multi pass membrane protein. It is expressed in B-lymphocytes and lymphoid tissues and may function in the modulation of the immune system. Out of the nine genes that are induced by the Epstein-Barr virus, Ebi2 exhibits the highest levels of up-regulation. Ebi2 is a G-protein coupled receptor that signals through the G-protein G錳. Ebi2 contains seven hydrophobic transmembrane regions and a putative N-linked glycosylation site at its extr

Dysferlin is a muscle-specific protein that is essential for normal muscle function and development (1). Mutations in the human dysferlin gene, DYSF, which maps to chromosome 2p13.3-p13.1, are associated with limb girdle muscular dystrophy-2B (LGMD-2B) and a related, adult-onset, distal dystrophy known as Miyoshi myopathy (MM) (1,2). Dysferlin localizes to the muscle fiber membrane, but is absent in MM and LGMD-2B muscle (1,3). Dysferlin is detected in 5-6 week embryos, when limbs begin to f

The protein encoded by this gene is a preproprotein that is proteolytically processed to form the secreted opioid peptides beta-neoendorphin, dynorphin, leu-enkephalin, rimorphin, and leumorphin. These peptides are ligands for the kappa-type of opioid receptor. Dynorphin is involved in modulating responses to several psychoactive substances, including cocaine. Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 20

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the dual specificity protein phosphatase subfamily. These phosphatases inactivate their target kinases by dephosphorylating both the phosphoserine/threonine and phosphotyrosine residues. They negatively regulate members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase superfamily (MAPK/ERK, SAPK/JNK, p38), which is associated with cellular proliferation and differentiation. Different members of the family of dual specificity phosphatases show disti