Members of the myogenic determination family are basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins that can be separated into two classes, both of which work together to activate DNA transcription. Class A proteins include the ubiquitously expressed E-box binding factors, namely E2A, ITF-2 and HEB, while class B proteins, such as MyoD, myogenin and Neuro D (BETA2), are transiently expressed and exhibit a much more limited tissue distribution. Working in opposition to these positively acting factors are

The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of proteins on serine and threonine residues is an essential means of regulating a broad range of cellular functions in eukaryotes, including cell division, homeostasis and apoptosis. A group of proteins that are intimately involved in this process are the serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinases. STK33 (serine/threonine kinase 33) is a 514 amino acid protein that belongs to the CaMK (calcium/calmodulin dependent kinase) subfamily of structurally r

Apolipoproteins are protein components of plasma lipoproteins. The apolipoprotein C gene family encodes four homologous proteins designated apoC-I to -IV, which specifically modulate the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The human apoC-I gene maps to chromosome 19q13.2 and is expressed primarily in the liver where it is activated when monocytes differentiate into macrophages. The human apoC-II gene maps to chromosome 19q13.2 and encodes a 79 amino acid single chain protein that is

This gene encodes a ubiquitous transcriptional enhancer factor that is a member of the TEA/ATTS domain family. This protein directs the transactivation of a wide variety of genes and, in placental cells, also acts as a transcriptional repressor. Mutations in this gene cause Sveinsson's chorioretinal atrophy. Additional transcript variants have been described but their full-length natures have not been experimentally verified. [provided by RefSeq, May 2010]

This gene encodes a protein that may modulate the transcriptional repression activities of death-associated protein 6 (DAXX), which interacts with histone deacetylase, core histones, and other histone-associated proteins. In mouse, the encoded protein binds to the putative leucine zipper domain of macroH2A1.2, a variant H2A histone that is enriched on inactivated X chromosomes. The BTB/POZ domain of this protein has been shown in other proteins to mediate transcriptional repression and to int

3',5' cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factors Epac1 (cAMP-GEFI) and Epac2 (cAMP-GEFII) activate the ras family GTPases Rap1 and Rap2 by promoting GTP binding in a cAMP-dependent manner (1,2). Eukaryotic cAMP is a second messenger that induces physiological responses such as gene expression, growth, differentiation, secretion and neurotransmission (3). Human EPAC2 contains at least 31 exons and maps to chromosome 2q31 (4). The 4.4-kb Epac2 transc