The Toll-like receptor (TLR) family in mammals comprises a family of transmembrane proteins characterized by multiple copies of leucine rich repeats in the extracellular domain and IL-1 receptor motif in the cytoplasmic domain. Like its counterparts in Drosophila, TLRs signal through adaptor molecules. The TLR family is a phylogenetically conserved mediator of innate immunity that is essential for microbial recognition. Ten human homologs of TLRs (TLR1-10) have been described. TIRAP (TIR domai

The protein encoded by this gene is a transcription factor that binds the consensus sequence 5'-GCCNNNGGC-3'. The encoded protein functions as either a homodimer or as a heterodimer with similar family members. This protein activates the transcription of some genes while inhibiting the transcription of others. Defects in this gene are a cause of branchiooculofacial syndrome (BOFS). Three transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

Apoptosis is induced by certain cytokines including TNF and Fas ligand in the TNF family through their death domain containing receptors. TRAIL/Apo2L, a member of the TNF family, induces apoptosis of a variety of tumor cell lines. DR4 and DR5 are functional receptors for TRAIL, and DcR1/TRID is a decoy receptor. Another member of the TRAIL receptor family was identified and designated DcR2. The DcR2 receptor is 386 amino acids in length and has an extracellular TRAIL binding domain, but la

Pumilio 2 is a sequence-specific RNA-binding protein that regulates translation and mRNA stability by binding mRNA targets. It supports proliferation and self-renewal of stem cells by regulating the translation of key transcripts. The Pumilio gene encodes proteins that are required for development of germ stem cells in one or both sexes. The Pumilio protein interacts with the human Nanos1 protein and this interaction may play a conserved role in germ cell development. Pumilio 2 is highly exp

Apolipoprotein D (APO D), a glycoprotein involved in the human plasma lipid transport system. It is a progesterone binding glycoprotein of 24,000 dalton monomer molecular size, is a constituent of high density lipoprotein in plasma. The function of apolipoprotein D in the metabolism of plasma lipoproteins is unclear but the observation that this protein forms complexes with lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase has led to the suggestion that apolipoprotein D may be involved in cholesterol ester

A scaffold protein that connects plasma membrane proteins and regulatory components, regulating their surface expression in epithelial cells apical domains. May be involved in the coordination of a diverse range of regulatory processes for ion transport and second messenger cascades. In complex with SLC9A3R1, may cluster proteins that are functionally dependent in a mutual fashion and modulate the trafficking and the activity of the associated membrane proteins. May play a role in the cellu