This gene encodes a member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily. The family members act on aldehyde substrates and use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) as a cofactor. This gene is conserved in chimpanzee, dog, cow, mouse, rat, and zebrafish. The protein encoded by this gene interacts with maspardin, a protein that when truncated is responsible for Mast syndrome. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

TOE1 is a 510 amino acid long protein that belongs to the CAF1 family. It is a downstream target of EGR-1 and plays an important role mediating the inhibitory growth effect of EGR-1. EGR-1 directly binds the TOE1 promoter region and activates its expression. TOE1 induces the expression of TGF∫ and p21 and plays a role in cell cycle regulation and the inhibition of cell growth. The activity and nucleolar localization of TOE1 correlates with a G2 cell cycle phase delay which is likely due

The product of this gene is a calcium-binding protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and it is involved in such ER functions as protein folding and sorting. This protein belongs to a family of multiple EF-hand proteins (CERC) that include reticulocalbin, ERC-55, and Cab45 and the product of this gene. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been identified. [provided by RefSeq, Oct 2008]

May play a role in neuronal cell communication. Lacks nucleotide pyrophosphatase and lysopholipase D activity.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are a class of enzymes thatcharge tRNAs with their cognate amino acids. The protein encoded bythis gene is a cytoplasmic enzyme which belongs to the class IIfamily of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. The enzyme is responsible forthe synthesis of histidyl-transfer RNA, which is essential for theincorporation of histidine into proteins. The gene is located in ahead-to-head orientation with HARSL on chromosome five, where thehomologous genes share a bidirectional promoter. Th