The ubiquitin (Ub) pathway involves three sequential enzymatic steps that facilitate the conjugation of Ub and Ub-like molecules to specific protein substrates. The first step requires the ATP-dependent activation of the Ub C-terminus and the assembly of multi-Ub chains by the Ub-activating enzyme known as the E1 component. The Ub chain is then conjugated to the Ub-conjugating enzyme (E2) to generate an intermediate Ub-E2 complex. The Ub-ligase (E3) then catalyzes the transfer of Ub from E2 t

This gene encodes a member of the NCK family of adaptor proteins. The protein contains three SH3 domains and one SH2 domain. The protein has no known catalytic function but has been shown to bind and recruit various proteins involved in the regulation of receptor protein tyrosine kinases. It is through these regulatory activities that this protein is believed to be involved in cytoskeletal reorganization. Alternate transcriptional splice variants, encoding different isoforms, have been charac

The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity. There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and kininogens. This gene encodes a stefin that functions as an intracellular thiol protease inhibitor. The protein is able to form a dimer stabilized by

FDPS is a 419 amino acid enzyme belonging to the FPP/GGPP synthetase family. Localized to cytoplasm and peroxisome, FDPS expression is regulated by phorbol esters and polyunsaturated fatty acids. FDPS assists in cholesterol biosynthesis, post-translational protein modifications and synthesis of steroid hormones in the isoprenoid pathway.FDPS catalyzes the formation of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), a precursor for several classes of essential metabolites including sterols, dolichols, carotenoid

The ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) protein family are structurally and functionally conserved members of the Ras superfamily of regulatory GTP-binding proteins. ARFs influence vesicle trafficking and signal transduction in eukaryotic cells and they play a central role in the maintenance of organelle integrity, assembly of coat proteins and activation of phospholipase D (PC-PLD). ARFRP1 (ADP-ribosylation factor related protein 1), also known as ARP or ARL18, is a 201 amino acid membrane-assoc