Mammalian mitochondrial ribosomal proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and help in protein synthesis within the mitochondrion. Mitochondrial ribosomes (mitoribosomes) consist of a small 28S subunit and a large 39S subunit. They have an estimated 75% protein to rRNA composition compared to prokaryotic ribosomes, where this ratio is reversed. Another difference between mammalian mitoribosomes and prokaryotic ribosomes is that the latter contain a 5S rRNA. Among different species, the proteins

Osteocalcin belongs to the osteocalcin/matrix Gla protein family and constitutes 1 to 2% of the total bone protein. It is a 49 amino acid single chain vitamin K dependent protein, made by osteoblasts, and is a major component of the noncollagenous bone matrix. Post translational modification by a vitamin K dependent carboxylase produces three gamma carboxyglutamic acid residues at positions 17, 21 and 24, giving it a high affinity for calcium. It also binds strongly to apatite.

Actin-binding protein. Plays a role in the activation of T-cells in response to costimulation through TCR/CD3 and CD2 or CD28. Modulates the cell surface expression of IL2RA/CD25 and CD69.$nTissue specificity;Detected in intestinal microvilli, hair cell stereocilia, and fibroblast filopodia, in spleen and other lymph node-containing organs. Expressed in peripheral blood T lymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, B lymphocytes, and myeloid cells.

ACADVL (acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, very long chain) catalyzes the first step of the mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation pathway. It is specific to esters of long-chain and very long chain fatty acids such as palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA. Deficiencies in ACADVL are associated with reduced myocardial fatty acid beta-oxidation and cardiomyopathy.

This gene encodes a clathrin assembly protein, which recruits clathrin and adaptor protein complex 2 (AP2) to cell membranes at sites of coated-pit formation and clathrin-vesicle assembly. The protein may be required to determine the amount of membrane to be recycled, possibly by regulating the size of the clathrin cage. The protein is involved in AP2-dependent clathrin-mediated endocytosis at the neuromuscular junction. A chromosomal translocation t(10;11)(p13;q14) leading to the fusion of t