Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans are composed of a membrane-associated protein core substituted with a variable number of heparan sulfate chains. Members of the glypican-related integral membrane proteoglycan family (GRIPS) contain a core protein anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol linkage. These proteins may play a role in the control of cell division and growth regulation. The GPC4 gene is adjacent to the 3' end of GPC3 and may also play a rol

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase is activated by various environmental stresses and proinflammatory cytokines. The activation requires its phosphorylation by MAP kinase kinases(MKKs), or its autophosphorylation triggered by the inter

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. This kinase is activated by various environmental stresses and proinflammatory cytokines. The activation requires its phosphorylation by MAP kinase kinases(MKKs), or its autophosphorylation triggered by the inter

Nitrotyrosine is a marker for inflammation and nitric oxide (NO) production and is formed in the presence of the active metabolite NO. Because nitrotyrosine is a stable product of multiple pathways, such as the formation of peroxynitrite, its plasma concentration may be a useful determinant of NO-dependent damage in vivo. Nitrotyrosine has been detected in inflammatory processes such as septic shock, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, atherosclerotic plaques and chronic renal failure.$nPr

Nitrotyrosine is a marker for inflammation and nitric oxide (NO) production and is formed in the presence of the active metabolite NO. Because nitrotyrosine is a stable product of multiple pathways, such as the formation of peroxynitrite, its plasma concentration may be a useful determinant of NO-dependent damage in vivo. Nitrotyrosine has been detected in inflammatory processes such as septic shock, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease, atherosclerotic plaques and chronic renal failure.$nPr

Laminin, an extracellular protein, is a major component of the basement membrane. It is thought to mediate the attachment, migration, and organization of cells into tissues during embryonic development by interacting with other extracellular matrix components. It is composed of three subunits, alpha, beta, and gamma, which are bound to each other by disulfide bonds into a cross-shaped molecule. This gene encodes the alpha 2 chain, which constitutes one of the subunits of laminin 2 (merosin) ａ