Transforming growth factor beta 3(TGF β3) is one of three closely related mammalian members of the large TGF β superfamily, TGF-β1, β2, and β3, signal through the same receptor and elicit similar biological responses. The mammalian TGF-β3 controls a vast array of biological processes including immune regulation, cell proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and the bone formation. It is generally recognized to facilitate chondrogenic differentiation of precursor cells. It may

Members of the trefoil family are characterized by having at least one copy of the trefoil motif, a 40-amino acid domain that contains three conserved disulfides. They are stable secretory proteins expressed in gastrointestinal mucosa. Their functions are not defined, but they may protect the mucosa from insults, stabilize the mucus layer and affect healing of the epithelium. This gene is expressed in goblet cells of the intestines and colon. This gene and two other related trefoil family me

This gene is a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) gene family, which encode negative regulatory proteins that prevent apoptotic cell death. IAP family members usually contain multiple baculovirus IAP repeat (BIR) domains, but this gene encodes proteins with only a single BIR domain. The encoded proteins also lack a C-terminus RING finger domain. Gene expression is high during fetal development and in most tumors, yet low in adult tissues. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encod

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein plays a central role in exerting IL4 mediated biological responses. It is found to induce the expression of BCL2L1/BCL-X (L), which is responsible for the an

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the STAT family of transcription factors. In response to cytokines and growth factors, STAT family members are phosphorylated by the receptor associated kinases, and then form homo- or heterodimers that translocate to the cell nucleus where they act as transcription activators. This protein is activated by, and mediates the responses of many cell ligands, such as IL2, IL3, IL7 GM-CSF, erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, and different growth hormon

Perilipins, members of the PAT protein family (named after lipid droplet proteins Perilipin, Adipophilin, and TIP47) are found exclusively at the surface of lipid droplets in adipocytes and steroidogenic cells. They have been suggested to function as regulators of lipolysis and triacylglycerol storage within adipose tissue. Four distinct isoforms ranging from perilipin A (57 kDa) to perilipin D (26 kDa) have been identified and they share an identical amino terminal sequences, and contain